By choosing the right kind of aquarium, equipment, plants, decorations and optional accessories we lay the basis for the healthy conditions in our fish tanks. It is up to us the hobbyist to set up the closed environment in such a way that our fish can thrive.

This section will cover all the basics of setting up your aquarium in order to reach your goal.

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1. Carnivores
   Need fish or meat in their diet: i.e. the predators.
   
2. Herbivores
   Plant eaters or algae grazers.
   
3. Omnivores
   These fish are both Carnivorous and Herbivorous.
   

Classification of food

• Flake food and its relatives.
  
• Freeze dried.
  
• Vegetable food.
  
• Live or frozen food.
  

Flakes and other dry food
You can buy dry fish food that is made up of animal or plant matter as well as every combination needed at any fish store. Dry food is a good basic staple. Store dry food in a cool dry place and don't use it after a few months as they tend to lose their nutrients and vitamin content over time. Dry food comes in different forms.

1. Flakes
   These are lite and float on the top of the water surface and they sink to the bottom very slowly. Flake food comes in many varieties and sizes depending on the fish you have. This is the most common type of food available. Its best use is for fish that eat at the surface or in the open water.
   
2. Tablets
   Are a sinking type of food that is good for our overlooked bottom dwelling fish.
   
3. Pellets
   These are either floating or sinking stick shaped and are used for our fish that like a lot of substance in their meals.
   

Fresh food is quickly frozen and then put under a very high vacuum. The water vaporizes and is removed. Since the food was frozen so quickly many of the nutrients and vitamins remain intact. The most popular varieties are Tubiflex worms and Krill.

Many fish, especially some Cichlids and the Lori Cats have to get some sort of vegetable food. You can buy a dry vegetable flake or pellet food at the pet store or give your fish fresh ones. Suitable vegetables include spinach and leafy forms of lettuce (not Iceberg) Bits of Potatoes and Cole crops can also be given. All leftover fresh vegetable food must be removed after a couple of days to prevent decay and water pollution.

Today, there is little difference in the quality of live and frozen food products. There is no difference in the nutritional value between them. Some fish and most fry still demand that their food is still moving before they eat it.

Aquarium stores sell frozen food in the shape of flat bars or ice cubes. You can store the food in your freezer for long periods of time without loss of nutritional value. When you wish to feed some either break of a chunk or pop out a cube and place it in a small glass filled with aquarium water. Let the temperature almost equalize and then spread the food across the surface.

The most common live food animals are Brine shrimp and Tubiflex worms. They are available at pet stores from time to time and should be bought whenever you can obtain them. I will go through other live foods that are sometimes available. Small crustaceans contain Carotenoids, which bring out the natural Red coloration in fish.

• Daphnia
  
  
  
  A small Crustacean, that once was the mainstay of live food. They range in size to about 1/8" long. Almost all fish love this food and will gorge themselves with it. The hard shell also provides a good source of roughage.
  
  
• Mosquito larvae
  Red, Black and white Mosquito larvae can be used as live food They are suitable for all fish except for the very small.
  
  
• Bloodworms
  
  
  
  These so called worms are really the larvae of a midge. They are blood Red in color and are about 3/4" long. They wriggle in the water in a figure eight pattern. One of my favorite foods, frozen or live.
  
  
• Tubiflex worms
  These worms live on the banks of sewage ponds and are found for sale from time to time. To clean them and keep them alive, they must be put in a pan and left under a gentle stream of cold water. Do not feed large amounts of this food as they can establish a colony in your gravel. Given in small quantities they are an excellent food source.
  
  
• Earthworms
  What better food can be found as easily as the worm? Just dig them from your yard or purchase them from a bait shop. Worms can be feed whole to the large fish such as Cichlids or chopped for smaller fish. Earthworms could be considered the ideal live food, perfect for conditioning your fish for breeding.
  
  
• Fruit flies
  Small flies that we all grew in High school, Drosophilia are an excellent fish food. When placed in the tank they "swim" on the surface making them great for the insect catching fish we keep.
  
  
• Brine Shrimp
  The most common of the live foods available. Brine shrimp are also one of the best foods for our fish. When purchased they are usually placed in a bag, you must remove the water they are in and rinse with clean water before feeding. I have never seen a fish that did not relish the introduction of the shrimp. Brine Shrimp can also be hatched from eggs fairly easily and is a good source of live food to feed newly hatched fry.
  
  

Vitamin Supplements

A lack of vitamins weakens the disease resistance in fish. To add extra vitamins you can buy dried food with a supplement included or add the supplement directly to the tank. If you feed your fish a properly stored dry food and a varied selection of live and frozen food, vitamin supplements should not be needed.

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